How Do Planes Fly?

Planes are able to rise to a certain altitude and maintain it by utilizing a combination of the Bernoulli effect and the simple momentum transfer in the airflow to generate airlift. When the internal pressure reduces with respect to the increased stream velocity in a fluid, the phenomenon is known as the Bernoulli Effect. In most cases, the pressure in a fluid decreases as the fluid moves faster. This effect explains in part how wings help to lift an airplane. The cross-section of the wing is designed in a particular way so that the distance from the leading edge and the trailing edge is greater along a path that runs over the wing than under it. This is how the Bernoulli effect generates lift.

As the aircraft is propelled ahead, air flows both over and under the wing. As the air travels a greater distance over the wings, the air pressure above the wing is less than the air pressure beneath it. The variation in pressure between the top and bottom of the wing results in a net upward force, or lift. The air over the wing is forced to expand to a greater volume than the volume of air flowing under it.

Dynamic momentum transfer from the airstream can also generate lift for planes. In the dynamic momentum transfer, the tilt or angle of attack, of the wing in relation to the overall direction of motion causes the flow of air striking underneath the wing to be turned, or deflected, downward. The deflection induced by the wing imparts a downward momentum.

Since the first flight of the Wright brothers, airplanes have come a long way in their development. They have become bigger in size and more technologically advanced. They enable people to commute faster as compared to any other mode of transportation, which helps to save a great deal of time.

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